MATH7431P (辛拓扑选讲), FALL 2025

This is a graduate-level topic course on symplectic field theory (SFT).

Teaching assistants: 姚一晨.

Final Score = 60% Homework (15% for each) + 40% Final Exam.

Main reference: Lectures on Symplectic Field Theory by Chris Wendl.

Homeworks

September 28, 2025, Homework One.

October 30, 2025, Homework Two.

November 27, 2025, Homework Three.

December 29, 2025, Homework Four.

Exam

Preparation materials for final exam: Preparation list.

Final exam (January 19, 2026): EXAM.

Classes

September 15, 2025, notes.

Topics: Introduction to this course, recollection of background on symplectic geometry (including Arnold conjecture on fixed points of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms).

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September 18, 2025, notes.

Topics: Recollection of background on contact geometry (including contact manifolds arising from energy level sets).

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September 22, 2025, notes notes.

Topics: Symplectic embedding, Liouville domain, symplectic cobordism, complexification (of a vector space equipped with a complex structure), bi-graded algebra of (p,q)-type linear maps.

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September 25, 2025, notes.

Topics: Bundle-valued forms, connections on a vector bundle, parallel transport, existence of an affine connection that preserves almost complex structure, section-description of \bar{\partial}_J u.

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September 28, 2025, notes.

Topics: section-description of \bar{\partial}_J, differentiation (linearization) of \bar{\partial}_J (both local and global computation), Cauchy-Riemann type operator.

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October 9, 2025, notes.

Topics: Recollection of basic concepts in Sobolev space: L^p space and L^p norm, convolution and mollifer, weak derivative, W^{k,p} space and W^{k,p} norm, Fr\'echet space and Hilbert space, Morrey's inequality (-> Sobolev embedding theoerm for p>n), Gagliardo-Nirenberg-Sobolev inequality (-> Sobolev embedding theoerm for n>p).

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October 13, 2025, notes.

Topics: Applications of Solobev embedding theorems (resulting in more embedding theorems), compactness of the embeddings, useful property one: W^{k,p} space is closed under the multiplication, useful property two: composition preserves the W^{k,p} norm, a local expression of a J-holomorphic curve (in terms of \partial_{\bar z}) and its extended version (defined over the complex plane).

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October 16, 2025, notes.

Topics: A further simplification of the extended (loca) Cauchy-Riemann equation via the T-operator, regularity of the solution of the (local) Cauchy-Riemann equation, renormalization trick.

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October 20, 2025, notes.

Topics: Fredholm operator (definition + a useful lemma to verify Fredholm property), perturbations of a Fredholm operator, invariant property of the Fredholm index, Fredholm map (between Banach manifolds), implicit function theorem (in the Banach manifold setting, regular value (Smale-Sard theorem), proof of D_u (linearization of \bar{\partial}_J) is Fredholm.

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October 23, 2025, notes.

Topics: Universal moduli space (which implies manifold structure for generic almost complex structure), identification between paths of symplectic matrices and paths of symmetric matrices, operator A = -Jd/dt - S(t) where S(t) is a circle of symmetric matrices, Fredholm property of operator A.

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October 27, 2025, notes.

Topics: Morse theory via Fredholm linearization, a short summary of moduli spaces in different settings, an \R-parametrized operators on W^{1,2}(S^1, \R^{2n}) from Reed dynamics, spectral flow in finite-dimensional setting, spectral flow for parametrized operator -J\partial/\partial_t - S_s(t), the spectral flow approach to Conley-Zehnder index.

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October 30, 2025, notes notes.

Topics: Geometric interpretation of spectral flow, Carleman Similarity Principle (including two steps of "coordinate" transformation and one step of PDE-solving).

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November 3, 2025, notes.

Topics: Applications of Carleman Similarity Principle (including unique continuation, finiteness of critical points in a compact space), the dichotomy (local) behavior of an intersection of two J-holomorphic curves, local behavior of a self-intersection of a J-holomorphic curve.

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November 6, 2025, notes.

Topics: Structure (covering) theorem on J-holomorphic curves, simple = somewhere injective, Cauchy-Riemann operator (revisited, as a generalization of Cauchy-Riemann equation), first Chern number (for complex vector bundles over closed Riemann surfaces).

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November 10, 2025, notes.

Topics: Index formula of complex-linear Cauchy-Riemann operator (as one version of the Riemann-Roch Theorem), proof of index formula (from the case - line bundle over S^2), variants of index formula (a generic path of almost complex structures; counting with marked points).

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November 13, 2025, notes.

Topics: Energy in symplectic geometry (in three cases: closed surface, Floer trajectory in Hamiltonian Floer homology, symplectization), Hamiltonian structure on odd-dimensional manifolds, mapping torus of a symplectomorphism.

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November 17, 2025, notes.

Topics: Periodic closed Hamiltonian orbits via mapping torus, stable framing, symplectization of a stable Hamiltonian structure, symplectic cobordism with stable boundary, being stable is equivalent to the existence of a tamed almost complex structure on symplectization, energy on symplectization.

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November 24, 2025, notes.

Topics: Dependence of the rescaled energy on the target range parameter, rescaled energy on a symplectic cobordism with stable boundary, (statement of) removal of singularities, monotonicity lemma, quantum property of J-holomorphic curve (with its half proof presented).

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November 27, 2025, notes.

Topics: Quantum property of J-holomorphic curve (with its other half proof presented), diameter of a J-holomorphic annulus, proof of removal of singularities.

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December 1, 2025, notes.

Topics: Energy control --> constant J-holomorphic curve, convergence to critical points (in Morse theory setting).

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December 8, 2025, notes.

Topics: Exponential decay in Morse setting (with proof), equivalence between finite energy condition and exponential decay in Hamiltonian Floer setting (only statement).

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December 11, 2025, notes.

Topics: Proof of "asymptotic behavior --> exponential decay" (left with the Heinz trick).

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December 15, 2025, notes notes.

Topics: The Heinz trick, bubble point (equivalence to divergence of L^1-norm), Hofer's cute lemma, renormalization trick.

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December 18, 2025, notes.

Topics: Born of bubble spheres, bubble tree, the Gromov compactness and its proof.

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December 22, 2025, notes.

Topics: Finiteness of pseudo-holomorphic representable homology classes under energy bound, broken (both Floer and Morse) flowlines (as a limit), proof for the existence of Morse broken flowlines.

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December 26, 2025, notes.

Topics: Finiteness of relative homotopy classes represented by Floer cylinders (in Hamiltonian Floer homology) under energy bound, origin of Novikov ring in Hamiltonian Floer homology, C^1-bound of a J-holomorphic map into (non-compact) completion of a symplectic cobordism under energy control.

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December 29, 2025, notes notes.

Topics: Finish the proof of C^1-bound from energy control (in the setting of non-compact target), discussion of the asymptotic behavior near puncture points when C^0-bound fails (within non-compact target), moduli space of pointed Riemann surfaces.

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January 5, 2026, notes.

Topics: Geometric structure of the moduli space of pointed Riemann surfaces, dimension formula, nodal Riemann surface, moduli space of equivalence classes of nodal Riemann surfaces \overline{\cal M}_{g,l}, examples for (g,l) = (0,3), (0,4) and (0,5).

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January 8, 2026, notes.

Topics: Smoothen the nodal points by circle compactification, sequential compactness of \overline{\cal M}_{g,l}, Gromov compactness based on pointed Riemann surfaces, definition of holomorphic buildings.

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January 12, 2025, notes notes.

Topics: stability of holomorphic buildings, SFT-compactness (statement), definition of cylindrical contact homology (under h-admissible condition).

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January 15, 2025 (FINAL CLASS), notes.

Topics: Construction and invariant properties of cylindrical contact homology, infinitely many contact structures on \T^3, neck-stretching technique, obstructing Lagrangian embeddings (of split tori) in E(a,b).